Portal:Finland

The Finland Portal

The flag of Finland

Location of Finland

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland covers an area of 338,145 square kilometres (130,559 sq mi) and has a population of 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. The official languages are Finnish and Swedish, of which 84.9 percent and 5.1 percent of the population speak the first as their mother tongue. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes.

Finland was first settled around 9000 BC after the last Ice Age. During the Stone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by different styles of ceramics. The Bronze Age and Iron Ages were marked by contacts with other cultures in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. From the late 13th century, Finland became part of the Swedish Empire as a result of the Northern Crusades. In 1809, as a result of the Finnish War, Finland was captured from Sweden and became a Grand Duchy of Finland, an autonomous state ruled by the Russian Empire. During this period, Finnish art flourished and the idea of full independence began to take hold. In 1906, Finland became the first European state to grant universal suffrage, and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Finland declared its full independence. In 1918 the young nation was divided by the Finnish Civil War. During World War II, Finland fought against the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War, and later against Nazi Germany in the Lapland War. As a result, it lost parts of its territory but retained its independence. (Full article...)

Selected article -

Henry walking on his murderer Lalli. Painting from the Church of Taivassalo about 1450.

Henry (Finnish: Henrik; Swedish: Henrik; Latin: Henricus; died c. 20 January 1156) was a medieval English clergyman. He came to Sweden with Cardinal Nicholas Breakspeare in 1153 and was most likely designated to be the new Archbishop of Uppsala, but the independent church province of Sweden could only be established in 1164 after the civil war, and Henry would have been sent to organize the Church in Finland, where Christians had already existed for two centuries.

According to legend, he entered Finland during the First Crusade together with the king, Saint Eric of Sweden, and died as a martyr, becoming the patron saint of the Catholic Church in Finland. However, the authenticity of the accounts of his life and ministry are widely disputed and there are no historical records of his birth, death, of even his existence. (Full article...)

Selected image -

Photo credit: Petteri Sulonen
The VR warehouses in Helsinki on fire on May 5th 2006.

Did you know (auto-generated)

• ... that Plevna in Tampere, Finland, was the first building in the Nordic countries and the Russian Empire (of which Finland was part at the time) to be lit by electric lights?
• ... that Finnish linguist Eeva Leinonen was one of four women to be inaugurated as heads of Irish universities in 2021, the others being Maggie Cusack, Linda Doyle and Kerstin Mey?
• ... that the 1992 documentary film Daddy and the Muscle Academy, which focuses on the life of gay erotic artist Tom of Finland, has been broadcast on Finnish television multiple times?
• ... that Matti Lehtinen, a baritone of the Finnish National Opera and professor of singing at the Sibelius Academy, was the voice of God at age 93?
• ... that Theodolinda Hahnsson is the first known Finnish-language female author?
• ... that the United States severed diplomatic ties with Finland in 1944 because of a personal letter sent to Hitler?

WikiProjects

You are invited to participate in Finland WikiProject, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about Finland.

More did you know -

• ...the Finnish Air Force selected the Saab 91 Safir as its primary trainer aircraft over the domestic Valmet Tuuli III?
• ...that the Kaleva, a Finnish passenger plane carrying diplomatic post, was shot down by Soviet bombers in an act of aggression?
• ...that the majority of Assyrians in Finland live in Oulu, the sixth largest city in the country?
• ...that Finland was close to becoming an independent kingdom in 1742?
• ...that the Saint Petersburg–Hiitola railroad was completed by 1917, but a year later the Finnish Civil War caused traffic to stop, with a mile of track removed?

Good article -

This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.

---

Colours of Defence Command

The Finnish Defence Intelligence Agency (Finnish: Puolustusvoimien tiedustelulaitos, PVTIEDL; Fenno-Swedish: Försvarsmaktens underrättelsetjänst) is the combined signals (SIGINT), geospatial (GEOINT) and imagery intelligence (IMINT) agency of the Finnish Defence Forces. Operational since 2014, its responsibility is to support the defence of Finland through information gathering and analysis as an intelligence agency, organic to the Intelligence Division of Defence Command.

PVTIEDL's SIGINT history can be traced back to the establishment of Finnish radio intelligence in 1927 by Reino Hallamaa, a Defence Command intelligence officer, while its GEOINT history starts from 1812 with the establishment of the Haapaniemi military surveying school and topographical service. The successes of its predecessors are considered instrumental in key battles of the Winter and Continuation War during 1939–1944, such as intelligence at the largest battle in the history of Nordic countries, the Battle of Tali-Ihantala. (Full article...)

General images

The following are images from various Finland-related articles on Wikipedia.

• 
  The Swedish empire at its largest. Most of present-day Finland was part of Sweden proper, rike, shown in dark green. (from History of Finland)
• 
  A triptych by Akseli Gallen-Kallela, depicting the Aino Story of Kalevala on three panes (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  The ruins of Vammala burned by the Reds, during the Civil war (from History of Finland)
• 
  President K. J. Ståhlberg in his office in 1919 (from History of Finland)
• 
  A group of Finnish soldiers operating a Bofors gun during the Continuation War in 1943 (from History of Finland)
• 
  Sámi / Laplander family in traditional costumes from Finland. (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Women dressed in Finnish folk costumes (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Mikael Agricola hands over the Finnish Translation of the New Testament to King Gustav Wasa. (from History of Finland)
• 
  Homann's map of the Scandinavian Peninsula and Fennoscandia with their surrounding territories: northern Germany, northern Poland, the Baltic region, Livonia, Belarus, and parts of Northwest Russia. Johann Baptist Homann (1664–1724) was a German geographer and cartographer; map dated around 1730. (from History of Finland)
• 
  Wehrmacht soldiers with a local Sámi reindeer herder, Lappland, Sodankylä, Finland 1942 (from History of Finland)
• 
  Finland Ostrobothnia regiment uniforms in 1705 (from History of Finland)
• 
  Pieces of the Antrea Net (8,300 BC), the oldest-known fishing net in the world. (from History of Finland)
• 
  A reconstruction of a 12th-century Perniö costume (from History of Finland)
• 
  Women in sauna with Vihtas
• 
  Jean Sibelius at work in his study (from History of Finland)
• 
  Winter War Monument in Suomussalmi, Kainuu, Finland (from History of Finland)
• 
  The first government of independent Finland. P. E. Svinhufvud, the first Prime Minister of Finland, sitting at the head of the table. (from History of Finland)
• 
  Stone Age dwelling named Kierikki 5000–3000 BC (from History of Finland)
• 
  Memorial of the Mannerheim Cross Knights of Parikkala, Finland (from History of Finland)
• 
  Northern Europe in 814 (from History of Finland)
• 
  Finnish folk dancers in a 1907 postcard sent from Mustamäki, Finland (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Karjalanpiirakka, a traditional Finnish pastry (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Pekka Halonen's painting "against persecutors" from 1896 depicts the warfare of the ancient Finns. (from History of Finland)
• 
  Apocalyptica's Perttu Kivilaakso playing metal music live (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Finnish Guards' Rifle Battalion, 1850s (from History of Finland)
• 
  2007 Formula One World Champion Kimi Räikkönen celebrating victory at the 2007 Brazilian Grand Prix (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Helsinki Accords Treaty (from History of Finland)
• 
  An old drawing of the city of Turku in the 18th century (from History of Finland)
• 
  Paavo Nurmi at the 1920 Summer Olympics (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Painting of Lalli killing Henry. Painting by C. A. Ekman. (from History of Finland)
• 
  S/S Urania in Hanko harbor in 1893, with 509 emigrants on board on their way to America (from History of Finland)
• 
  This 1825 map of the Grand Duchy of Finland is from a larger work, geographical atlas of the Russian Empire. (from History of Finland)
• 
  Battle of Gangut (Hanko) was part of the Great Northern War during 1700–1721. (from History of Finland)
• 
  A view of Pohjoisesplanadi in the center of Helsinki in 1891 (from History of Finland)
• 
  People gathered in the Senate Square for a demonstration against the February Manifesto in March 1899. (from History of Finland)
• 
  The part of Finland controlled by the Reds at its largest in February–March 1918 (from History of Finland)
• 
  In the middle is the patron saint of Finland, Saint Henry, on the right side of him is Bishop Konrad Bitz and on the left is Dean Magnus Stjernkors; from Missale Aboense (1488) (from History of Finland)
• 
  Uspenski Cathedral in Helsinki (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  The Finno-Soviet Treaty (from History of Finland)
• 
  Badge of the Finnish White/Civil Guard (from History of Finland)
• 
  Students on Helsinki's Esplanadi wearing their caps on Vappu (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Turku Cathedral and its surroundings from 1814 (from History of Finland)
• 
  In the sauna, by Pekka Halonen, 1925 (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Kastelli Giant's Church in Pattijoki by Pöljä culture (from History of Finland)
• 
  Identification document and tag of a Finnish war child (from History of Finland)
• 
  Eero Järnefelt, Burning the Brushwood, 1893 (from History of Finland)
• 
  Battle of Valkeala was part of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790). (from History of Finland)
• 
  Captain Aarne Juutilainen at the front at Kollaa during the Winter War (from History of Finland)
• 
  Lapua Movement supporters beating the "red officer" Eino Nieminen in front of the Vaasa courthouse during the 4 June 1930 riot. (from History of Finland)
• 
  Stone Age stone axe engraved with human face found from Kiuruvesi. (from History of Finland)
• 
  Imagery collage of Birger Jarl conquering Häme and the construction of Häme Castle (from History of Finland)
• 
  Midsummer bonfire (kokko) in Mäntsälä (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  (1809 Diet of Porvoo) The sovereign's pledge, printed in Finnish (from History of Finland)
• 
  Signing the Helsinki Accords are the West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, East Germany's leader Erich Honecker, US president Gerald Ford and the Austrian chancellor Bruno Kreisky (from History of Finland)
• 
  The decision of the Soviet of the People's Comissars' to recognise Finnish independence, signed by Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Grigory Petrovsky, Joseph Stalin, Isaac Steinberg, Vladimir Karelin, and Alexander Schlichter (from History of Finland)
• 
  A summer cottage (mökki) on a lake island (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Grand Duchy of Finland, 75 kopek assignat (1824) (from History of Finland)
• 
  Prehistoric red ochre painted rock art of moose, human figures, and boats in Astuvansalmi, Finland, from ca. 3800–2200 BC (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Kreeta Haapasalo Playing the Kantele in a Peasant Cottage (1868), by Robert Wilhelm Ekman (from History of Finland)
• 
  The area of Finland in the years 1920–1940. The 1935 county and municipality division on the map. (from History of Finland)
• 
  The area controlled by Finland at its largest, in 1942 (from History of Finland)
• 
  Erkki Karu, one of the pioneers of the Finnish cinema, with cinematographer Eino Kari in 1927 (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  In 2011 figure skater Kiira Korpi was ranked 4th in the world. (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Map of Finnish areas ceded to the Soviet Union in 1944, after the Continuation War (from History of Finland)
• 
  Ancylus Lake covered major part of Finland (7,500–6,000 BC) (from History of Finland)
• 
  The Finnish composer Jean Sibelius (1865–1957), a significant figure in the history of classical music (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  President Urho Kekkonen's funeral procession in 1986 (from History of Finland)
• 
  A peasant girl and a woman in traditional dress from Ruokolahti, eastern Finland, as depicted by Severin Falkman in 1882 (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Kalmar Union in 1400s (from History of Finland)
• 
  A smoke sauna (savusauna) in Enonkoski (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Marshal of Finland Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim visit in Germany, 1942 (from History of Finland)
• 
  Three Finnish Romani women in Helsinki, Finland, in 1930s (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Jussipaita (transl. Jussi sweater); a traditional sweater from the Finnish region of Southern Ostrobothnia (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Linus Torvalds, a famous Fennoswede software engineer, best known for initiating the development of the Linux kernel (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Alvar Aalto, Viipuri Library (1927–35) (from Culture of Finland)
• 
  Janne Ahonen is considered one of the best and most successful currently active ski jumpers. (from Culture of Finland)

In the news

22 May 2024 – Russia–NATO relations

The Russian Ministry of Defence proposes to unilaterally adjust Russia's maritime border in the Baltic Sea, prompting comments of concern made by Baltic members of NATO, including Finland and Lithuania. The Ministry of Defense later retracts the proposal. (Reuters) (BBC News)

2 April 2024 – Viertola school shooting

A student is killed and two others are injured in a shooting at a school in Vantaa, Uusimaa, Finland. A 12-year-old student is detained. (AP) (Yle)

1 March 2024 – 2024 Finnish presidential election

Alexander Stubb is sworn in as the 13th President of Finland. (Reuters)

11 February 2024 – 2024 Finnish presidential election

Alexander Stubb is elected President of Finland with 51.6% of the vote.(Yle)

27 January 2024 – Israel–Hamas war

The United Kingdom, United States, Australia, Italy, Canada, Finland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Germany suspend humanitarian aid to UNRWA over allegations that some UNRWA staff members were involved in the Hamas-led attack on Israel. (BBC News) (CBS News)

14 December 2023 – Finland–United States relations

Finland announces the creation of a defense cooperation agreement with the United States. The agreement will grant Finland access to American military resources for use in defensive operations, while the US will gain military access to Finland in the event of conflict. (Reuters)

Related portals

---

Northern Europe

---

Other countries

Selected panorama -

View of Helsinki

Panoramic photo shot of Helsinki, Finland

Topics

Categories

Category puzzle

Select [►] to view subcategories

Finland

Finland-related lists

Buildings and structures in Finland

Culture of Finland

Economy of Finland

Education in Finland

Environment of Finland

Geography of Finland

Government of Finland

Health in Finland

History of Finland

Organisations based in Finland

Finnish people

Politics of Finland

Society of Finland

Images of Finland

Finland stubs

Recognized content

Things you can do

• Add the {{Portal|Finland}} template to existing See also sections of Finland-related articles.
• Tag the talk pages of Finland-related articles with the {{WikiProject Finland}} template. (Tip: Use PetScan to find articles not tagged yet by replacing the category "Finnish films" with another category and adjust "Depth" if needed. This tool is helpful for tagging. See also the list of pages not tagged yet.)
• Rate unassessed and unknown-importance articles according to the guidelines. (This tool is helpful for doing these.)
• Translate a Finnish-language article into English.
• Expand a stub into a full article.
• Help with the articles needing attention (watch) and cleanup.
• Create a requested article (watch).
• Support fresh articles (watch).
• Patrol the recent changes.
• Add the following pages to your watchlist:
  • The project's talk page (watch)
  • Article alerts (watch)
  • List of new pages (watch)

Associated Wikimedia

The following Wikimedia Foundation sister projects provide more on this subject:

• 

  Commons
  Free media repository

• 

  Wikibooks
  Free textbooks and manuals

• 

  Wikidata
  Free knowledge base

• 

  Wikinews
  Free-content news

• 

  Wikiquote
  Collection of quotations

• 

  Wikisource
  Free-content library

• 

  Wikiversity
  Free learning tools

• 

  Wikivoyage
  Free travel guide

• 

  Wiktionary
  Dictionary and thesaurus

Discover Wikipedia using portals

• 

  List of all portals

• 

  The arts portal

• 

  Biography portal

• 

  Current events portal

• 

  Geography portal

• 

  History portal

• 

  Mathematics portal

• 

  Science portal

• 

  Society portal

• 

  Technology portal

• 

  Random portal

• 

  WikiProject Portals